Biotic factors refer to the living components within an ecosystem that interact with one another, including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other organisms. These living organisms play a crucial role in shaping the environment and influencing ecosystem dynamics through their interactions and relationships with one another. Biotic factors can include predators, prey, competitors, symbiotic relationships, and other interactions that contribute to the overall functioning of an ecosystem. Understanding biotic factors is essential for studying the biodiversity, relationships, and stability of ecosystems.